Intimate partner violence against women is prevalent and is associated with poor health outcomes.
Understanding indicators of exposure to intimate partner violence can assist health care professionals to identify and respond to abused women. This study was undertaken to determine the strength of association between selected evidence-based risk indicators and exposure to intimate partner violence.
In this cross-sectional study of 768 women aged 18-64 years who presented to 2 emergency departments in Ontario, Canada, participants answered questions about risk indicators and completed the Composite Abuse Scale to determine their exposure to intimate partner violence in the past year.
Results: Intimate partner violence was significantly associated with
- being separated,
- in a common-law relationship or
- single
- depression
- somatic symptoms
- having a male partner who was employed less than part time, or
- having a partner with an alcohol or
- drug problem
Each unit increase in the number of indicators corresponded to a four-fold increase in the risk of intimate partner violence; women with 3 or more indicators had a greater than 50% probability of a positive score on the Composite Abuse Scale.
Intimate partner violence was not associated with pregnancy status.
Specific characteristics of male partners, relationships and women’s mental health are significantly related to exposure to intimate partner violence in the past year. Identification of these indicators has implications for the clinical care of women who present to health care settings. (Source: Open Medicine





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Hi,
I wanted you to know about my new memoir of growing up with an alcoholic father, Becoming the Kind Father: A Son’s Journey.
John Bradshaw describes the book as “crammed with valuable self-help tips.” Stanford University’s Dr. Fred Luskin describes it as “an inspiring autobiographical guidebook to the development of heart in men.”
For more info:
http://www.newsociety.com/bookid/3951
I’d be happy to do an interview with you.
Professor Calvin Sandborn (250) 472-5248
The article below recaps some of the points made in the book:
Journey to a Man’s Heart
My father was frightened of his father.
I was frightened of my father.
And I am damn well going to see to it
that my children are frightened of me.
– King George V (1865-1936)
The father-son relationship echoes for a lifetime, shaping the son’s self-esteem and relationship with the world. Yet in a patriarchal society, the father-son bond is fundamentally corrupted.
I know, all red-blooded men cringe when they hear the word “patriarchyâ€. But in our resentment against feminist criticism, men have missed a vital point. Patriarchy has stolen our hearts and is killing us.
Here’s how it works. The harsh traditional father teaches his son to exercise power — and to bury his own feelings. “Take it like a man,†Dad admonishes; “Big boys don’t cry,†he warns. He passes on the credo found on King George’s office wall: “If I must suffer, let me be like a well-bred beast, that goes away to suffer in silence.â€
Unfortunately, this forces the boy to ignore his inner life and inner self. He learns to hide his real feelings behind a Male Mask. Later when he confronts life’s natural shocks, he can’t even feel his heart’s response. He can conjure “manly†anger, but is blind to his own sorrow and fear and joy.
There is a cost. Recent studies show that the macho repression of feeling damages men’s health. It’s a major reason why men’s lives are far shorter than women’s and why men have:
• twice the rate of heart attacks, prior to old age
• double the rate of alcoholism
• four times the suicide rate
• nine times the rate of ulcers.
Macho repression cripples men psychologically. Close to 80% of men find they are unable to consistently identify what they are feeling. The mechanic who knows every nuance of the internal combustion engine, the physicist who unravels secrets of the universe, the lawyer who recalls two centuries of common law – each may go home puzzled, unable to distinguish whether that big feeling inside is anger or sadness. Most men simply don’t know what they feel.
Life is empty for such a man. Exiled from his own inner life, he comes to treat himself like a machine, like a body with a job to do. And since he is cut off from his own feelings, he can’t relate meaningfully with family and friends. Too often, he makes up for this lost intimacy by adopting addictive behavior – workaholism, alcoholism, habitual anger, compulsive control, and obsessions with TV, sports, drugs or gambling.
Such dysfunction is rampant in a society that is divorced from its own heart. Terrence Real estimates that about half of men are covertly or overtly depressed.
Fortunately, men can change. We can free ourselves from patriarchy’s surly bonds and live fuller, more authentic lives. We can learn to identify our feelings and share them with others. We can break the male anger habit, and forgive ourselves and people we love. We can choose to live in the Country of Love instead of the Country of Resentment.
But first we have to change the cruel self-talk that sons learn from fathers. When the traditional father trains his son to have “power over†others (as opposed to “connected relationshipâ€), the father addresses his son from a height and treats him harshly. The son learns to treat his inner child the same. He learns to speak harshly to himself, using the same voice that his father used. (“Show him you’re boss!†“Suck it up!†“Don’t be a wuss!â€)
As a result, the son’s inner life becomes a place of harshness, coldness, sometimes cruelty. The ugliness of patriarchy is played out in his head, as he spends a lifetime warring against his true self. Just as patriarchy brutalizes women, it brutalizes him.
However, we can change. A man can choose to treat himself
with compassion. He can send away the Harsh Father that dominates his self-talk. And he can begin a daily discipline of speaking to himself with the encouraging, nurturing words that he tries to use with his own children. He can become his own Kind Father.
This makes all the difference. By treating himself with compassion a man allows his heart to re-emerge — he re-establishes a relationship with self. And for the first time, close relationships with others become a real possibility.
Calvin Sandborn’s latest book, Becoming the Kind Father: A Son’s Journey, is a memoir of growing up with an angry father and eventually making peace with him.
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